Fix ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

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Problem Description:

Database character set change is erroring out with following error message.

ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

Solution Description:

Use INTERNAL_USE option along with the above command. Here is the steps to change the character set. 

conn / as sysdba

startup restrict;

ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8;

shutdown immediate;

conn / as sysdba

startup

Example:

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup restrict;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.0536E+10 bytes

Fixed Size                  2935416 bytes

Variable Size            1.0435E+10 bytes

Database Buffers           67108864 bytes

Redo Buffers               30617600 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SELECT * FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS 

where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

PARAMETER                                VALUE                         ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------   

NLS_CHARACTERSET                         WE8MSWIN1252

SQL> ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE AL32UTF8;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.0536E+10 bytes

Fixed Size                  2935416 bytes

Variable Size            1.0435E+10 bytes

Database Buffers           67108864 bytes

Redo Buffers               30617600 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SELECT * FROM NLS_DATABASE_PARAMETERS 

where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

PARAMETER                                VALUE                                                     

---------------------------------------- ------------------------------   

NLS_CHARACTERSET                         AL32UTF8

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